Makalu Base Camp Trek takes you through a diverse range of ecosystems and is home to a variety of flora and fauna. The trek starts at Tumlingtar and goes through lush subtropical forests, rhododendron forests, and finally, the high-altitude alpine zone. The diversity of landscapes results in a rich biodiversity.
One of the highlights of the trek is encountering a range of animals, including the rare red panda, snow leopard, Himalayan black bear, and musk deer. Other animals that can be spotted along the trek include the Himalayan Thar, langur monkey, and various species of birds. Bird enthusiasts will appreciate the more than 400 species of birds in the region, including the spotted nutcracker, Himalayan griffon, and blood pheasant.
The flora of Makalu Base Camp Trek is just as diverse as its fauna. The trek goes through forests of rhododendron, oak, and bamboo. In the alpine zone, the landscape changes to tundra-like vegetation. The region is also home to various medicinal plants and herbs such as Yarsagumba (Ophiocordyceps sinensis) and Jatamasi (Nardostachys grandiflora).
Insects and butterflies are also abundant in the region, including various species of moths and colorful butterflies such as the Common Jezebel and Painted Lady. In the lower altitudes, you may encounter the Himalayan black bee, while in the higher elevations, you may spot the golden silk orb-weaver spider.
Overall, trekking to Makalu Base Camp is an exhilarating experience for nature lovers. The region's rich biodiversity, combined with stunning views of the Himalayas, makes for an unforgettable trekking experience.