Nepal Government functions as a federal democratic republic, operating under a constitution and a multi-party system. In 2015, Nepal introduced a new constitution that divided the nation into seven provinces, forming a federal structure. The government comprises three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial.
In the Executive Branch, the President serves as the head of state, while the Prime Minister is the head of government. The President is elected through an electoral college made up of federal parliament and provincial assembly members. Usually, the leader of the party or coalition with a majority in the federal parliament becomes the Prime Minister, appointed by the President.
The Legislative Branch consists of Nepal's bicameral federal parliament comprised of two houses: the House of Representatives (Pratinidhi Sabha) and the National Assembly (Rastriya Sabha). The House of Representatives has 275 members chosen through both direct and proportional representation in a mixed electoral system. Meanwhile, the National Assembly has 59 members, with each of the seven provinces electing eight members through an electoral college.
The Judicial Branch holds its independence from both the executive and legislative branches. The highest judicial authority is the Supreme Court, functioning as the final appellate court with judicial review powers and constitution interpretation responsibilities. Other subordinate courts, such as appellate and district courts, manage various legal issues across the country.
Political parties significantly influence Nepal Government as they engage in elections and forge coalition governments. Since transitioning from a monarchy to a republic in 2008, Nepal has undergone political reformation and continuous efforts to solidify democratic institutions.
Despite challenges like political stability, economic growth, social inclusion, and infrastructure development, Nepal Government actively implements policies and programs promoting economic progress, poverty reduction, improved governance, and social welfare enhancement.
Additionally, Nepal Government pays attention to preserving its abundant cultural heritage while fostering tourism and conserving its natural resources. Recognizing agriculture, tourism, hydropower, and services as crucial development sectors, the government endeavors to create an investment-friendly atmosphere, aiding growth in these fields.
As with any nation, Nepal Government is a multifaceted entity that constantly addresses challenges while seeking to fulfill its citizen's needs and ambitions. It remains committed to fortifying democratic institutions, encouraging good governance, and attaining sustainable progress for the country's greater welfare.
