Spanning across the Gangetic plains of India and Bangladesh, and reaching into southern Nepal's Terai region, lies the ecoregion known as Lower Gangetic Plains Moist Deciduous Forests. A substantial part of this ecoregion can be found within Nepal's Bardiya National Park, nestled in the country's Far-Western Region. Covering 968 square kilometers, this park boasts a wide array of undisturbed biodiversity within its protected area.
The Lower Gangetic Plains Moist Deciduous Forests in Nepal display diverse vegetation, ranging from grasslands and riverine forests to moist deciduous forests. Sal trees, or Shorea robusta, dominate the landscape, thriving in the monsoon climate and fertile alluvial soil carried by numerous rivers weaving through the region.
These forests are teeming with life, home to a wealth of biodiversity. Mammals such as Bengal tigers, Asian elephants, and one-horned rhinoceroses roam its corridors. Rare and endangered species like swamp deer, blackbuck, gharial crocodiles, and Gangetic dolphins also find refuge here.
The park is a bird lover's dream with countless species residing within its borders including Bengal floricans, white-rumped vultures, peafowls, and bar-headed geese. During migratory seasons, birdwatchers can spot an array of species visiting from as far away as Siberia.
Culturally significant as well, this area is home to the indigenous Tharu community who have coexisted with the forest and its inhabitants for centuries. Their unique culture and lifestyle are deeply intertwined with the forest ecosystem.
Despite being a sanctuary for diverse species living within Nepal's Bardiya National Park and Lower Gangetic Plains Moist Deciduous Forests ecoregion, these ecosystems face persistent threats due to human activities. Encroachment, poaching, overfishing, and climate change impacts jeopardize this diverse ecoregion's survival. As a result, conservation efforts are crucial to preserve this remarkable ecosystem for future generations.