White-throated Needletail, known for its agility, speed, and amazing adaptability to various environments, is a fascinating creature in nature. In this article, we will explore the taxonomy and physical features of the White-throated Needletail, along with its habitat and diet preferences. We will also uncover some fun facts about this remarkable bird and delve into its presence in Nepal.
Taxonomy and Physical Features
The White-throated Needletail (Hirundapus caudacutus) belongs to the Apodidae family and is closely related to swifts. This medium-sized bird can measure up to 20-22 cm in length with a wingspan of around 46 cm. It is characterized by a unique combination of physical features such as a white throat patch (giving it the name 'white-throated'), grayish-brown plumage on the upper parts, contrasting pale underparts, a deeply forked tail (also termed as 'needle' tail), large wings with strong muscles, and short legs with sharp claws. These adaptations enable them to be swift flyers and expert acrobats in mid-air.
Habitat and Diet
The White-throated Needletail has an extensive geographical range and can be found across different habitats including open woodlands, forests, grasslands, river valleys, and even urban areas with tall buildings. Its distribution encompasses parts of Asia, Australia, Europe as well as Papua New Guinea.
Their diet primarily consists of flying insects such as flies, beetles, ants, and termites that they catch in mid-flight using their wide gape. The feeding strategy employed by this species involves flying through swarms of insects, which are scooped up using the bird's bill and then swallowed on the move. As aerial feeders, they spend most of their lives in the air and even drink water while in flight.
Fun Fact:
A striking feature of the White-throated Needletail is its incredible ability to fly at rapid speeds. It can reach speeds of up to 105 miles per hour (170 kilometers per hour), making it one of the fastest flying birds in the world. Their rapid movement not only allows them to cover large distances but also aids in evading predators like falcons.
Presence in Nepal
White-throated Needletails are migratory birds that have been recorded in Nepal during their passage to and from wintering grounds. In Nepal, these birds are usually observed during autumn migration in September-October and spring migration from mid-February till April. They prefer higher altitude locations, such as forests, hillsides, or cliff faces around mountain ranges while navigating through Nepal.
The White-throated Needletail's impressive speed, agility, and adaptability make it an extraordinary species worth observing and learning about. By familiarizing ourselves with its taxonomy, physical features, habitat preferences, diet, and presence in countries like Nepal, we can further appreciate this remarkable creature and foster a deeper understanding of the fascinating world of birds.