The world of birds is teeming with fascinating species that showcase nature's incredible diversity. One such captivating bird is the Rufous-tailed Lark (Ammomanes phoenicura). This unassuming yet intriguing species inhabits specific regions throughout Asia, and its presence in Nepal makes it a noteworthy subject for birdwatchers and ornithologists alike. In this article, we will explore the taxonomy, physical features, habitat, diet, and presence of the Rufous-tailed Lark in Nepal.
Taxonomy
The Rufous-tailed Lark belongs to the kingdom Animalia and phylum Chordata in the scientific taxonomic classification. It is classified under the class Aves, order Passeriformes, family Alaudidae, and genus Ammomanes. The specific name "phoenicura" comes from the Greek words "phoenix," meaning "crimson" or "red," and "oura," meaning "tail."
Physical Features
The Rufous-tailed Lark is a small bird with a body length of about 14-16 cm (5.5-6.3 in) and a weight of roughly 17-25 grams (0.6-0.9 oz). Its plumage predominantly displays shades of sandy brown with darker streaks on its mantle and scapulars. This cryptic coloration allows it to blend seamlessly into its arid surroundings. Its most distinguishing feature is its rufous-colored tail, which gives this bird its name.
In addition to its red-tinted tail, other unique characteristics include a pale supercilium (eyebrow region) that extends from the base of its bill to the nape along with dark moustachial and malar stripes framing the cheeks. The underparts are primarily white with some buffiness on the breast and faint streaking on the flanks.
Habitat
The Rufous-tailed Lark is primarily found in dry, open habitats such as deserts, semi-deserts, arid grasslands, and steppes. It gravitates toward areas with sparse vegetation, where it can easily camouflage itself from potential predators. The bird's range stretches from southeastern Iran through Pakistan and India, extending to Nepal in the north.
In Nepal, Rufous-tailed Larks are predominantly found in the lowland Terai region at elevations of up to 1,000 meters (3,280 feet). They generally are scattered throughout the southeastern parts of the country.
Diet
The Rufous-tailed Lark is mainly an insectivorous bird, feeding on a varied diet of insects and small invertebrates. Its menu consists of ants, termites, beetles, grasshoppers, caterpillars, and spiders. During times when insects are scarce, it will also consume seeds to supplement its dietary needs.
Presence in Nepal
While Rufous-tailed Larks are not considered endangered globally, their distribution within Nepal is rather localized. The species is currently classified as "Data Deficient" by Bird Conservation Nepal due to limited information on its exact population. As habitat degradation is a significant threat to many avian species worldwide, monitoring and conservation efforts should be put into place to ensure that this fascinating bird remains a part of Nepal's rich biodiversity.
In conclusion, the Rufous-tailed Lark (Ammomanes phoenicura) offers a glimpse into the unique realm of avian species that inhabit arid environments. This small desert-dweller contributes to the kaleidoscope of avian diversity.