Nepal, a country known for its stunning landscapes and rich biodiversity, attracts countless nature enthusiasts from around the globe. Among the wide array of flora and fauna, this Himalayan nation has to offer, there's one bird species that stands out due to its rarity and exquisite beauty – the Eastern Marsh Harrier (Circus spilonotus). It is a bird of prey belonging to the marsh harrier group of harriers. It was previously considered to be conspecific with the western marsh harrier (Circus aeruginosus) but is now usually classified as a separate species.
Let us look at the various characteristics and aspects of Eastern Marsh Harrier:
Habitat and Distribution in Nepal
Typically found in wetlands, marshes, and grasslands, the Eastern Marsh Harrier is a migratory bird with an extensive range across Asia. Though it has been observed primarily in countries like China, Mongolia, Russia, and Japan, sightings of this elusive raptor have also been reported in Nepal. Favoring the wetland areas of Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve and Chitwan National Park, the Eastern Marsh Harrier can be seen soaring above the marshes during migration season.
Physical Appearance
The Eastern Marsh Harrier boasts a striking appearance that distinguishes it from other harriers found in their overlapping distribution ranges. Adult males display a handsome mix of blackish-grey upperparts with silver-grey streaks on the head and neck. Their underparts are predominantly white with reddish-brown streaks on the breast. Female Eastern Marsh Harriers exhibit a more subdued coloration with dark brown upperparts and buff to pale orange underparts.
Feeding Habits
These skilled predators mainly feed on small mammals, amphibians, reptiles, and birds. The Eastern Marsh Harrier's preferred hunting strategy involves low-level gliding over marshy areas while scanning for prey. Upon spotting potential prey, they swiftly swoop down to capture it using their sharp talons. In addition to hunting alone, these harriers may also engage in cooperative hunting techniques to increase their success rate.
Conservation Status
Although not currently listed as endangered or threatened by the IUCN, the Eastern Marsh Harrier's habitat faces challenges like habitat loss, degradation, and hunting pressure in some regions. Conservation efforts in Nepal include strict enforcement of protected region boundaries and initiatives to reduce habitat degradation. This has helped maintain a suitable environment for the Eastern Marsh Harrier to thrive during their migration through the country.
Conclusion
For bird enthusiasts and wildlife lovers, Nepal offers remarkable opportunities to observe rare and elusive species like the Eastern Marsh Harrier. By supporting conservation efforts and promoting ecotourism, visitors play a crucial role in protecting not only this incredible raptor but also the rich biodiversity this breathtaking country treasures.