Nepal is home to a diverse range of flora and fauna. One of the lesser-known yet fascinating inhabitants of this beautiful country is the Brown Hawk-Owl (Ninox scutulata). It is also known as the brown boobook. This owl is part of the larger grouping of owls known as typical owls, Strigidae, which contains most species of owl. The other grouping is the barn owls, Tytonidae. The brown boobook was first described in 1822 by Stamford Raffles from a specimen collected in Sumatra under the binomial name Strix scutulata. This nocturnal bird of prey can be found in various regions across Nepal, captivating birdwatchers and wildlife enthusiasts alike. Let's explore the unique features and behaviors of this elusive creature.
A Glimpse into the Brown Hawk-Owl's Appearance
As its name suggests, the Brown Hawk-Owl is a brownish-colored bird, adorned with striking white streaks and spots on its head, neck, and upper breast. Its distinct large, yellow eyes are surrounded by a bold, black border that gives it an impressive, penetrating gaze. This medium-sized owl averages 30-36 cm in length with a wingspan of up to 70 cm. Its similarities to hawks don't end with its appearance; the Brown Hawk-Owl is also known for its agile hunting techniques and swift flying abilities.
Habitat and Distribution in Nepal
You can find the Brown Hawk-Owl perched silently among dense foliage within forested areas across Nepal. It is a resident breeder in south Asia, ranging from India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, and Nepal east to western Indonesia and south China. They prefer subtropical or tropical moist lowland as well as montane forests up to an elevation of 2,000 meters. The species is known to be widespread within the country but has an elusive nature, which makes spotting them a true delight for birders.
The Nocturnal Hunter
Being nocturnal creatures, Brown Hawk-Owls are most active during the night-time hours when they venture out to hunt for prey. They primarily feed on insects such as beetles, crickets, moths, and grasshoppers but won't shy away from small mammals, birds, or amphibians if given the opportunity. The Brown Hawk-Owl swoops down from its perch with impressive agility, seizing its prey using its sharp talons.
Breeding and Mating Behavior
During the mating season, which typically occurs between February and June in Nepal, the Brown Hawk-Owl's call takes on a melodic, repetitive quality. This is the male's way of attracting a female partner. Once paired, Brown Hawk-Owls are monogamous and share parental responsibilities for their offspring. The female lays 3-5 eggs in tree hollows or abandoned nests created by other bird species. Both parents take turns incubating the eggs and providing food when the chicks hatch.
Conservation Efforts and Their Significance
Although the Brown Hawk-Owl is not currently considered endangered, deforestation and loss of habitat remain significant threats to this species. It is crucial to preserve Nepal's natural habitats in order to safeguard these enigmatic birds, allowing future generations to appreciate their beauty and ecological importance.
The Brown Hawk-Owl is undoubtedly a unique and fascinating creature that contributes to Nepal's rich biodiversity. If you venture into the forests of Nepal at night, keep an ear out for their distinctive calls, or even catch sight of one gliding through the darkness – you'll be witnessing a truly awe-inspiring wonder of nature.